Basic requirements and architecture for city walls in the Abbasid era

Abstract

Building walls in all human civilizations has always been an element of urban and urban planning to protect any social fabric (private or public), civilian or military. It is a blatant physical evidence of the importance of maintaining the gains of expansion and development of urban societies, in periods of peace, because of the risks and threats that it predicts in times of war.

So it is natural to ask about the value and historical importance of the city walls in the Abbasid Caliphate eras?

Perhaps one of the most important objectives of the research is to try to explain the basic requirements for walls in the Abbasid era, to research their architecture represented by building materials, and to reveal their shapes and body sections for the walls.

First: building materials

Building materials varied, and their fortifications varied from one city to another and from one region to another, according to the different available, cheap, and compliant building materials for builders in their geographical environment and their local surroundings or in the areas close to them, as well as the financial capabilities of those who build them. The following is a brief review of the most important types of fences according to building materials, namely: -